B8

A) 1) The first principle established by the McCulloch v. Maryland case was that of supremacy. Actions taken by the national government automatically override or preempt local or state laws and regulations so long as the actions are constitutional. This aspect of our government is outlined in article six of the Constitution and is commonly called the supremacy clause.

     2) The second principle of McCulloch v. Maryland was the concept of implied powers. Congress is given the right to exercise powers not specifically given to them in the Constitution in the course of carrying out their enumerated powers. This means that Congress has certain "implied powers" that are not among their enumerated duties but are still constitutional. This can be found in article one, section eight of the Constitution and is often referred to as the necessary and proper clause or the elastic clause.

B) 1) Full faith and credit means that each state must acknowledge and uphold the proceedings of every other state. This is essential to the workings of the U.S. For example, if driver's licenses were only valid in the state in which they were issued, citizens could never drive from state to state without the risk of being arrested. The only exception issued to this concept is in regard to same-sex marriages. If one state legalizes gay marriage while another does not. The state does not have to acknowledge or accept the legality of the marriage.

    2) The privileges and immunities clause protects citizens of one state while they are in another state. All states must treat American citizens the same regardless of what state they are from. This prevents discrimination and allows for the safety an well-being of residents who are away from home. One exception to this law is in the form of tuition to state colleges and universities. Students who live in the state of the school that they attend pay a much lower tuition than students who come from out of state.